First of all, what is an anal fissure? Anal fissure refers to cuts or tears in the opening of the buttocks where stool passes through and goes out of the body. This opening is more commonly known as anus. Anal fissure may extend up to the anal canal. The fissures may cause pain during defecation and in some cases, it is severely painful. In infancy, it is the most common cause of bleeding.
Anal fissures happen in the Anoderm. Anoderm, the specialized tissue in the anal canal and anus. Unlike the layers of the skin, the Anoderm has no hair, sebaceous gland that produces oil, sweat glands, and has tons of nerve endings that make it very sensitive to pain and light touch.
Anal fissures are caused by trauma in the anal canals and anus. One of the major causes is the bowel movement. It can be caused by hard stools or repetitive episodes of diarrhea. Some caused by the trauma in the perineum area during childbirth. The tear in the perineum may sometimes go to the anal area due to the proximity of the vagina and anus. Other reasons can be the trauma during the insertion of a rectal thermometer, endoscope, enema tip, or ultrasound prob. The trauma made by these factors can start develop the fissure.
The symptoms for anal fissure are visual tears in the anus, a small lump of skin near the fissure, extreme pain during bowel movements, and streaks of blood while wiping with tissue.
Injection Sclerotherapy
Injection Sclerotherapy is the procedure used to treat the blood vessels, or other vascular malformations like haemorrhoids, spider veins and varicose veins. The procedure is done by injecting the medicine directly into the vessels and this will shrink the veins.
Injection Sclerotherapy is a non-invasive procedure. It takes about 10 minutes to perform. What happens is, it causes the veins to collapse, forcing the blood to go through the healthier veins. The scarred vein is reabsorbed into the local tissues and will eventually fade. Generally, it will take about a few months for it to be fully noticeable but it may take just a few weeks to see the difference.
Injection Sclerotherapy has a significant part in the medical management of anal fissures. According to studies regarding the difference of routine or conventional forms of local treatment, it directs us to the conclusion of higher rates of successful outcomes and decreased number of patients who opt for operation. The complication rates were almost 0% and didn’t lead to any permanent effects.
Injection Sclerotherapy for anal fissures is done in the outpatient department. This can be done with minimum technical skills, expertise and equipment needed. This doesn’t lead to escalated healing and this has no known consequence because the patient is asymptomatic. According to research, they recommend this procedure only for acute anal fissures that have moderate symptoms, most especially when other conservative treatments or methods have failed. The treatment of the correct vessels will eventually lead to improving symptoms of the venous insufficiency.
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